# Uncategorized **URL:** https://research.arbitrum.io/c/uncategorized/1.md [Latest](https://research.arbitrum.io/latest.md) · [Categories](https://research.arbitrum.io/categories.md) · [Tags](https://research.arbitrum.io/tags.md) --- ## [Welcome to the Arbitrum Research forum](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/welcome-to-the-arbitrum-research-forum/7)
**Author:** [@system](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/system)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 2, 2022, 12:53pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/welcome-to-the-arbitrum-research-forum/7 "2022-02-02T12:53:13Z")
This site is for discussing Arbitrum development, research, and ideas for improvement. It is open to everyone but focuses on research-oriented technical discussions. The language of discussion is English. This is not th… --- ## [Research question - Arbitrum's decentralization](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/research-question-arbitrums-decentralization/9817)
**Author:** [@shaymalkalaw](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/shaymalkalaw)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 12, 2026, 9:52am UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/research-question-arbitrums-decentralization/9817 "2026-10-12T09:52:49Z")
Hi everyone, While working on my research into Arbitrum’s decentralization, I noticed that L2BEAT still lists Arbitrum One as relying on a centralized sequencer. It made me curious about where things stand today and whe… --- ## [Priority Gas Auction Cadence and Searcher Competition](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/priority-gas-auction-cadence-and-searcher-competition/9816)
**Author:** [@pranayrpi](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/pranayrpi)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 7, 2026, 3:46pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/priority-gas-auction-cadence-and-searcher-competition/9816 "2026-10-07T15:46:37Z")
Problem We study how the frequency of priority gas auctions (PGA) affects searcher bidding and competition. PGA on Base provides a natural experiment to estimate the effects of auction cadence causally. Before July 2025,… --- ## [TitanArb — A Live-Capable DeFi Arbitrage Engine on Arbitrum One](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/titanarb-a-live-capable-defi-arbitrage-engine-on-arbitrum-one/9805)
**Author:** [@Jupiter](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/Jupiter)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 29, 2026, 8:55pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/titanarb-a-live-capable-defi-arbitrage-engine-on-arbitrum-one/9805 "2026-08-29T20:55:36Z")
Hi everyone, I’ve been building a DeFi arbitrage engine on Arbitrum One called TitanArb, and I’d really like to get feedback from people who understand the Arbitrum ecosystem, DEX infrastructure, MEV, and execution syst… --- ## [Price Elasticity of Gas Demand on Ethereum and Arbitrum](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/price-elasticity-of-gas-demand-on-ethereum-and-arbitrum/9795)
**Author:** [@pranayrpi](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/pranayrpi)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [June 16, 2026, 2:10pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/price-elasticity-of-gas-demand-on-ethereum-and-arbitrum/9795 "2026-06-16T14:10:49Z")
Problem We study the question of how the blockspace demand is affected by the gas fee change on Ethereum base layer and Arbitrum One rollup. This is a non-trivial question as the gas fees are themselves determined by the… --- ## [Timing Games: Probabilistic backrunning and spam](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/timing-games-probabilistic-backrunning-and-spam/9788)
**Author:** [@kakia](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/kakia)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [February 27, 2026, 4:40pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/timing-games-probabilistic-backrunning-and-spam/9788 "2026-02-27T16:40:34Z")
In a new paper, Timing Games: Probabilistic backrunning and spam, co-authored with Bruno Mazorra and Christoph Schlegel, we look into equilibrium strategies of capturing backrunning opportunities when transaction orderin… --- ## [TimeBoost: Do Ahead-of-Time Auctions Work?](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/timeboost-do-ahead-of-time-auctions-work/9784)
**Author:** [@kakia](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/kakia)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [November 25, 2025, 10:45am UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/timeboost-do-ahead-of-time-auctions-work/9784 "2025-11-25T10:45:35Z")
In a new paper, we study the performance of the TimeBoost auction. This is done by comparing cumulative fixed time (5 seconds) markout of fast lane trades over the TimeBoost interval to bids for the fast lane. Such compa… --- ## [Multi-constraint pricing](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/multi-constraint-pricing/9782)
**Author:** [@edfelten](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/edfelten)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [November 6, 2025, 1:54pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/multi-constraint-pricing/9782 "2025-11-06T13:54:15Z")
This post introduces some new concepts in L2 pricing, which are being proposed for adoption by the Arbitrum DAO. I’ll start by reviewing how L2 pricing works on Arbitrum today. This is fairly typical of how blockchains … --- ## [Fraud Proof Protocols: BoLD, Dave, and other alternatives](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/fraud-proof-protocols-bold-dave-and-other-alternatives/9748)
**Author:** [@victorshoup](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/victorshoup)\ **Replies:** 4\ **Last updated:** [August 21, 2025, 12:05pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/fraud-proof-protocols-bold-dave-and-other-alternatives/9748 "2025-08-21T12:05:49Z")
Fraud Proof Protocols: BoLD, Dave, and other alternatives By Victor Shoup Introduction BoLD \[4\] is a new fraud-proof protocol recently deployed on Arbitrum One. Different fraud-proof protocols make different tradeoffs, … --- ## [Submitting transaction bundles](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/submitting-transaction-bundles/75)
**Author:** [@edfelten](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/edfelten)\ **Replies:** 14\ **Last updated:** [August 15, 2025, 4:41pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/submitting-transaction-bundles/75 "2025-08-15T16:41:10Z")
We’re considering adding a feature to the sequencer that allows clients to submit a bundle of transactions, that is, a set of multiple transactions, in a single submission. The sequencer would promise to include those tr… --- ## [FairFlow: Leveraging TimeBoost to Build a Fair and Transparent L2 MEV Economy](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/fairflow-leveraging-timeboost-to-build-a-fair-and-transparent-l2-mev-economy/9735)
**Author:** [@kosunghun317](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/kosunghun317)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 14, 2025, 1:22pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/fairflow-leveraging-timeboost-to-build-a-fair-and-transparent-l2-mev-economy/9735 "2025-04-14T13:22:10Z")
FairFlow: Leveraging TimeBoost to Build a Fair and Transparent L2 MEV Economy About the Author The author, Ko Sunghun, is a researcher at Radius. The author thanks Tariz, AJ Park, and Chanyang Ju from Radius for their f… --- ## [TimeBoost and Backrunning: Probabilistic Strategies](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/timeboost-and-backrunning-probabilistic-strategies/9727)
**Author:** [@kakia](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/kakia)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 18, 2025, 1:42pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/timeboost-and-backrunning-probabilistic-strategies/9727 "2025-03-18T13:42:45Z")
We study backrunning strategies and the effect of TimeBoost policy on them. The modeling and analysis allows to answer the following questions: how much of backrunning opportunity value goes to the time advantaged part… --- ## [Economic Censorship Games in Fraud Proofs](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/economic-censorship-games-in-fraud-proofs/9722)
**Author:** [@ben\_berger](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/ben_berger)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [March 4, 2025, 4:33pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/economic-censorship-games-in-fraud-proofs/9722 "2025-03-04T16:33:35Z")
Optimistic rollups grant a 7-day challenge period in their fraud proof systems to mitigate against a strong censorship attack, where the potential adversary controls so much of Ethereum’s stake to allow for complete juri… --- ## [Adjusting call Gas Limit for Arbitrum One's Gas Model](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/adjusting-call-gas-limit-for-arbitrum-ones-gas-model/9696)
**Author:** [@0xn2k1](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/0xn2k1)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [December 17, 2024, 6:15pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/adjusting-call-gas-limit-for-arbitrum-ones-gas-model/9696 "2024-12-17T18:15:29Z")
I am using the following code to send value with a specified gas limit: recipient.call{value: amount, gas: gasLimit}(""); As I plan to deploy this code on Arbitrum One, which has a different gas calculation model compa… --- ## [Auctioning Multiple TimeBoost Licenses](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/auctioning-multiple-timeboost-licenses/9699)
**Author:** [@kakia](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/kakia)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [December 17, 2024, 4:36pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/auctioning-multiple-timeboost-licenses/9699 "2024-12-17T16:36:06Z")
In this post, we discuss implications of selling multiple TimeBoost licenses, as opposed to a unique such license. One obvious drawback of selling multiple licenses is that license holders still engage in latency war, th… --- ## [MEV Capture Through Time-Advantaged Arbitrage](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/mev-capture-through-time-advantaged-arbitrage/9683)
**Author:** [@kakia](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/kakia)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [October 15, 2024, 12:13pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/mev-capture-through-time-advantaged-arbitrage/9683 "2024-10-15T12:13:49Z")
In this post, we discuss modeling assumptions and empirical results from the paper: \[2410.10797\] MEV Capture Through Time-Advantaged Arbitrage, a joint work with Ed Felten, Robin Frisch, Maria Ines Silva and Ben Livshits… --- ## [Decentralized Timeboost Specification](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/decentralized-timeboost-specification/9676)
**Author:** [@jill-espresso](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/jill-espresso)\ **Replies:** 2\ **Last updated:** [September 25, 2024, 8:24pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/decentralized-timeboost-specification/9676 "2024-09-25T20:24:09Z")
Decentralized Timeboost Specification - Feedback Welcome We’re excited to share that Espresso Systems and Offchain Labs have jointly published the full specifications for Decentralized Timeboost. The design builds off o… --- ## [The power of faster blocks](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/the-power-of-faster-blocks/9609)
**Author:** [@edfelten](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/edfelten)\ **Replies:** 11\ **Last updated:** [September 18, 2024, 4:33pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/the-power-of-faster-blocks/9609 "2024-09-18T16:33:05Z")
One thing that distinguishes Arbitrum from other Layer 2 technologies is its fast block time. Arbitrum One makes blocks every 250 milliseconds, and Orbit chains can be configured with block time as low as 100 millisecond… --- ## [What is testnet sequencer feed url of arb?](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/what-is-testnet-sequencer-feed-url-of-arb/9665)
**Author:** [@cuiweixie](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/cuiweixie)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [September 8, 2024, 3:02am UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/what-is-testnet-sequencer-feed-url-of-arb/9665 "2024-09-08T03:02:49Z")
I have found the mainnet sequencer feed url wss://arb1.arbitrum.io/feed. And I have searched in google, search in this forum. but I don’t find the sequencer feed url of testnet. can some one tellme. --- ## [Introducing the Arbitrum DeFi Dollar Rate](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/introducing-the-arbitrum-defi-dollar-rate/9660)
**Author:** [@mcsquared](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/mcsquared)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [August 25, 2024, 1:43pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/introducing-the-arbitrum-defi-dollar-rate/9660 "2024-08-25T13:43:40Z")
As part of Allez Labs’ engagement with the Arbitrum Grants Program, we are posting an introduction to, and methodology for the Arbitrum DeFi Dollar Rates. Overview Here we introduce two key metrics to the Arbitrum eco… --- ## [On Sybil-proof Mechanisms](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/on-sybil-proof-mechanisms/9644)
**Author:** [@kakia](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/kakia)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 22, 2024, 7:17pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/on-sybil-proof-mechanisms/9644 "2024-07-22T19:17:26Z")
In a new paper with Minghao Pan and Christoph Schlegel (\[2407.14485\] On sibyl-proof mechanisms), we consider Sybil-proof mechanisms. We show that the only non-wasteful, incentive compatible and Sybil-proof mechanism is a… --- ## [Arbitrum Universe Explorer: Mapping the Future of Blockchain Interoperability](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/arbitrum-universe-explorer-mapping-the-future-of-blockchain-interoperability/9643)
**Author:** [@GokuPlay2Win](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/GokuPlay2Win)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [July 12, 2024, 8:45am UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/arbitrum-universe-explorer-mapping-the-future-of-blockchain-interoperability/9643 "2024-07-12T08:45:21Z")
Introduction As you are aware, Arbitrum Orbit represents a Universe of Chains, an expansive ecosystem of interconnected blockchain networks. Our proposal, The Arbitrum Universe Explorer, aims to bring this universe unde… --- ## [Access to L1 block hash on Arbitrum](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/access-to-l1-block-hash-on-arbitrum/9635)
**Author:** [@maciej](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/maciej)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [July 9, 2024, 2:10pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/access-to-l1-block-hash-on-arbitrum/9635 "2024-07-09T14:10:27Z")
Proposal: Allow Access to L1 Block Hash on Arbitrum Hello everyone, I’d like to discuss here a proposal from the Arbitrum Forum initiated by @zemse regarding the integration of L1 block hash access on Arbitrum. This p… --- ## [Proposed design for Timeboost](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/proposed-design-for-timeboost/9491)
**Author:** [@edfelten](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/edfelten)\ **Replies:** 12\ **Last updated:** [June 22, 2024, 6:49pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/proposed-design-for-timeboost/9491 "2024-06-22T18:49:01Z")
\[Update (June 2024): This design is no longer recommended by the Offchain Labs research team. However, I’m leaving this post in place to preserve the record.\] The Offchain Labs research team has a specific proposed desi… --- ## [Do shared MEV auctions actually increase revenue?](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/do-shared-mev-auctions-actually-increase-revenue/9606)
**Author:** [@edfelten](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/edfelten)\ **Replies:** 6\ **Last updated:** [June 7, 2024, 11:54am UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/do-shared-mev-auctions-actually-increase-revenue/9606 "2024-06-07T11:54:52Z")
It’s sometimes taken as an article of faith that selling access to MEV on multiple chains will yield more revenue than selling it separately on each chain. The argument for this is that controlling MEV extraction on mult… --- ## [Paper on BoLD: fast, cheap dispute resolution, making permissionless validation safe](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/paper-on-bold-fast-cheap-dispute-resolution-making-permissionless-validation-safe/9599)
**Author:** [@edfelten](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/edfelten)\ **Replies:** 0\ **Last updated:** [April 15, 2024, 6:33pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/paper-on-bold-fast-cheap-dispute-resolution-making-permissionless-validation-safe/9599 "2024-04-15T18:33:29Z")
Today our Offchain Labs research team published a paper going deep on the design of BoLD, the new dispute resolution protocol that should make it safe to enable permissionless validation on Arbitrum chains. The paper has… --- ## [Decentralized Timeboost R&D Update](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/decentralized-timeboost-r-d-update/9550)
**Author:** [@ian-espresso](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/ian-espresso)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [April 2, 2024, 2:17pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/decentralized-timeboost-r-d-update/9550 "2024-04-02T14:17:33Z")
Hey everyone, this is Ian from the Espresso Systems team. As some of you know, Espresso Systems has been working closely with the Offchain Labs team on developing Decentralized Timeboost, a modified first come-first ser… --- ## [Security and governance considerations for chain-clusters](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/security-and-governance-considerations-for-chain-clusters/9560)
**Author:** [@edfelten](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/edfelten)\ **Replies:** 4\ **Last updated:** [March 22, 2024, 1:14pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/security-and-governance-considerations-for-chain-clusters/9560 "2024-03-22T13:14:44Z")
A “chain-cluster” is a set of L2 or L3 chains that allows communication between chains in the cluster, trustlessly, faster than the settlement times of the individual chains. This fast communication would include the pos… --- ## [EIP-4844 shard blobs and how we would use them](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/eip-4844-shard-blobs-and-how-we-would-use-them/43)
**Author:** [@edfelten](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/edfelten)\ **Replies:** 6\ **Last updated:** [March 18, 2024, 1:35pm UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/eip-4844-shard-blobs-and-how-we-would-use-them/43 "2024-03-18T13:35:17Z")
EIP-4844 is a proposed change to Ethereum that would introduce a new data availability mode, for data that is associated with a transaction but not available to the execution layer. This thread is for discussing EIP-4844… --- ## [RIP-7614: Expose call stack to contracts](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/rip-7614-expose-call-stack-to-contracts/9575)
**Author:** [@canercidam](https://research.arbitrum.io/u/canercidam)\ **Replies:** 1\ **Last updated:** [February 17, 2024, 12:38am UTC](https://research.arbitrum.io/t/rip-7614-expose-call-stack-to-contracts/9575 "2024-02-17T00:38:18Z")
Hi everyone! We would like to present you our new Rollup Improvement Proposal RIP-7614, which suggests implementing a call stack that contains opcodes, addresses and function selectors, and exposing through a precompile… [Next page](https://research.arbitrum.io/c/uncategorized/1.md?page=1)